1990 98(6):1478вЂ“84.Д¬ook IJ, Dodds WJ, Dantas RO, Kern MK, Massey BT, Shaker R, et al. Coordination of deglutitive glottic closure with oropharyngeal swallowing. Shaker R, Dodds WJ, Dantas RO, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC. Biomechanics of failed deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter relaxation in neurogenic dysphagia.

Williams RB, Wallace KL, Ali GN, Cook IJ. Videomanometric analysis of supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck in patients with pharyngeal dysfunction. Super-supraglottic swallow in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Logeman J, Pauloski B, Rademaker A, Colangelo L. Opening mechanisms of the human upper esophageal sphincter. 2002 122:1314вЂ“21.Д¬ook IJ, Dodds WJ, Dantas RO, Massey BT, Kern MK, Lang IM, et al. Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal UES opening. Shaker R, Easterling C, Kern M, Nitschke T, Massey B, Daniels S, et al. Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise. Shaker R, Kern M, Bardan E, Taylor A, Stewart ET, Hoffmann RG, et al. The combination of increased thyrohyoid shortening and suprahyoid strengthening contributes to the Shaker Exercise outcome of deglutitive UES opening augmentation. The Shaker Exercise augments the thyrohyoid muscle shortening in addition to strengthening the suprahyoid muscles. In contrast, after completion of therapy, the percent change in thyrohyoid distance in the Shaker Exercise group was significantly greater compared to the traditional therapy ( pВ =В 0.034).

The percent change in thyrohyoid distance from initiation of deglutition to maximal anterior/superior hyoid excursion showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups prior to either therapy ( pВ =В 0.54). Maximum thyrohyoid muscle shortening occurred at close temporal proximity to the time of maximal thyroid cartilage excursion. Videofluoroscopy was used to measure deglutitive thyrohyoid shortening before and after completion of assigned therapy regimen. Six were randomized to traditional swallowing therapy and five to the Shaker Exercise. We studied 11 dysphagic patients with UES dysfunction.

Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the exercise on thyrohyoid muscle shortening. The effect of this exercise on thyrohyoid muscle shortening is unknown. This effect is attributed to strengthening of the suprahyoid muscles, as evidenced by comparison of electromyographic changes in muscle fatigue before and after completion of the exercise regime. Earlier studies of the effect of 6В weeks of the Shaker Exercise have shown significant increase in UES opening and anterior excursion of larynx and hyoid during swallowing in patients with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction, resulting in elimination of aspiration and resumption of oral intake.

Ads capture wizard dvd xpress dx2